Amagiya Enjini
Ukunemba okuphezulu kwe-OEM ODMukukhiqizwa kwamagiyaIzinjini zezimoto zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zamagiya ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene. La magiya asiza ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini kanye nezingxenye zayo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zamagiya asetshenziswa ezinjinini zezimoto:
Amagiya Okulinganisa Isikhathi: Amagiya okulinganisa isikhathi asetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwamavalvu enjini nokunyakaza kwamapiston. Aqinisekisa ukuthi amavalvu ayavuleka futhi avalwe ngesikhathi esifanele, okuvumela ukushisa okuphumelelayo nokusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Amagiya e-Crankshaft:Amagiya e-crankshaft asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla avela kuma-piston aye ku-crankshaft, okuguqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwama-piston kube ukunyakaza kokujikeleza. Lokhu kunyakaza kokujikeleza kube sekusetshenziswa ukushayela ezinye izingxenye zenjini kanye nezesekeli.
Amagiya e-CamshaftAmagiya e-camshaft asetshenziselwa ukushayela i-camshaft, elawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwamavalvu enjini. Amagiya e-camshaft aqinisekisa ukuthi i-camshaft ijikeleza ngesivinini esifanele uma kuqhathaniswa ne-crankshaft.
Amagiya Okupompa Uwoyela: Amagiya epompo kawoyela asetshenziselwa ukupompa uwoyela kusuka epanini likawoyela kuya ezingxenyeni zenjini, njenge-bearings kanye ne-camshaft, ukuze zigcotshwe futhi zinciphise ukungqubuzana. Ukugcotshwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze injini isebenze kahle futhi ihlale isikhathi eside.
Amagiya Okulinganisa Umgodi: Ezinye izinjini zisebenzisa imiphini yokulinganisela ukunciphisa ukudlidliza. Amagiya okulinganisa asetshenziselwa ukushayela la miphini yokulinganisela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ajikeleza ngesivinini kanye nesigaba esifanele uma kuqhathaniswa ne-crankshaft.
Amagiya Okushayela Okungeziwe: Amagiya okushayela asetshenziswayo asetshenziselwa ukushayela izingxenye ezifana nephampu yamanzi, iphampu yokuqondisa enamandla, kanye ne-alternator. La magiya aqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngesivinini esifanele uma kuqhathaniswa nesivinini senjini kanye nemoto.
Amagiya okudlulisa
TAmagiya okudlulisa amandla ayingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokudlulisa amandla yemoto, anesibopho sokudlulisa amandla kusuka enjinini kuya emasondweni ngesivinini nama-torque ahlukene. Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagiya okudlulisa amandla atholakala ezimotweni:
Amagiya Okudlulisa Ngesandla: Ku-gearbox eqhutshwa ngesandla, umshayeli ukhetha amagiya ngesandla esebenzisa i-gear shifter kanye ne-clutch. Amagiya ayinhloko ku-gearbox eqhutshwa ngesandla afaka:
I-First Gear (I-Low Gear): Inikeza i-torque ephezulu yokuqalisa imoto kusukela lapho ime khona.
Igiya Lesibili: Lisetshenziselwa isivinini esimaphakathi kanye nokusheshisa.
IGiya Lesithathu: Isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphakathi.
I-Fourth Gear (Overdrive): Isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, lapho ijubane lenjini liphansi kunejubane lemoto.
I-Fifth Gear (Overdrive): Amanye ama-transmission aphathwayo ane-fifth gear yokuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Amagiya Okudlulisa Okuzenzakalelayo: Ku-gearbox ezenzakalelayo, uhlelo lokudlulisa lukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo amagiya ngokusekelwe kwisivinini semoto, umthwalo wenjini, nezinye izici. Amagiya ayinhloko ku-gearbox ezenzakalelayo afaka:
Ipaki (P): Ikhiya i-gearbox ukuvimbela imoto ukuthi ingahambi.
Ukuhlanekezela (R): Kufaka amagiya ukuze imoto ikwazi ukubuyela emuva.
Okungathathi hlangothi (N): Kukhipha amagiya, okuvumela injini ukuthi isebenze ngaphandle kokushayela amasondo.
Idrayivu (D): Ifaka amagiya ukuze iqhubekele phambili. Amanye amagiya azenzakalelayo nawo anegiya elengeziwe ukuze ijubane lishintshe.
Ukudluliselwa Okuguquguqukayo Okuqhubekayo (i-CVT): I-CVT isebenzisa uhlelo lwama-pulley namabhande ukuze inikeze inani elingenamkhawulo lama-gear ratios, kunokuba ibe namagiya ahlukene. Lokhu kuvumela ukusheshisa okushelelayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe.
Ukudluliselwa Kwe-Dual-Clutch (DCT): I-DCT ihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-transmission aphathwayo kanye nokulula kwama-transmission azenzakalelayo. Isebenzisa ama-clutch amabili ahlukene kumagiya angajwayelekile nalinganayo, okuvumela ukushintsha kwamagiya okusheshayo nokubushelelezi.
Amagiya okudlulisa abalulekile ekulawuleni isivinini kanye ne-torque yemoto, futhi uhlobo lwesistimu yamagiya okudlulisa olusetshenziswayo lungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwemoto, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, kanye nolwazi lokushayela.
Imishini yokuqondisa
Uhlelo lokuqondisa emotweni lusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zamagiya ukuguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwesiteringi kube ukunyakaza okuqondile okudingekayo ukuze kujikeleziswe amasondo. Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagiya asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa:
I-Worm kanye Nemishini Yomkhakha: Lolu uhlobo oluvamile lwegiya elisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Isiteringi sixhunywe kushafti ngegiya le-worm, elihlangana negiya le-sector elixhunywe kusixhumanisi sokuqondisa. Njengoba isiteringi siphendulwa, igiya le-worm liyajikeleza, okubangela ukuthi igiya le-sector kanye nokuxhumeka kwesiteringi kuhambe, kuphendule amasondo.
I-Rack ne-Pinion: Kulolu hlelo, isiteringi sixhunywe kugiya le-pinion, elihlanganisa igiya le-rack elixhunywe ekuxhumekeni kwesiteringi. Njengoba isiteringi siphendulwa, igiya le-pinion liyajikeleza, linyakazisa igiya le-rack futhi liphendula amasondo. Izinhlelo zokuqondisa ze-rack ne-pinion zithandwa ngenxa yobulula bazo kanye nokusabela kwazo.
Ibhola Eliphinda Lijikeleze: Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa indlela yebhola elijikelezayo ukuguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwesiteringi kube ukunyakaza okuqondile okudingekayo ukuze kujikeleziswe amasondo. Igiya lesibungu lijikeleza uchungechunge lwamabhola ajikelezayo, ahambisa inathi exhunywe ekuxhumaneni kwesiteringi, liphendule amasondo.
Ibhokisi Legiya Lokuqondisa: Ibhokisi lokuqondisa liyingxenye egcina amagiya asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Ngokuvamile lifakwa ku-chassis yemoto futhi liqukethe amagiya adingekayo ukuguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwesondo lokuqondisa kube ukunyakaza okuqondile okudingekayo ukuze kujikelezwe amasondo.
Lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagiya asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Uhlobo lwesistimu yamagiya asetshenziswayo lungahluka kuye ngomklamo wemoto kanye nomuzwa wokuqondisa ofiselekayo. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, amagiya ohlelweni lokuqondisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni umshayeli ukuthi alawule isiqondiso semoto.
Imishini Yokwehlukanisa
I-differential gear iyisici esibalulekile ku-drivetrain yemoto, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezine-rear-wheel noma i-all-wheel drive. Ivumela amasondo okushayela ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile ngenkathi edlulisela amandla kusuka enjinini kuya emasondweni. Nansi indlela i-differential gear esebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani ibalulekile:
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
Ukufakwa Kwamandla: Umehluko uthola amandla avela ebhokisini lokudlulisa noma lokudlulisa, ngokuvamile nge-driveshaft.
Ukuhlukanisa Amandla: Umehluko uhlukanisa amandla avela ku-driveshaft abe yimiphumela emibili, eyodwa yesondo ngalinye lokushayela.
Ukuvumela Isivinini Esihlukile: Uma imoto ijika, isondo langaphandle lihamba ibanga elide kunesondo langaphakathi. Umehluko uvumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile ukuze avumelane nalomehluko.
Ukulinganisa I-Torque: Umehluko uphinde usize ukulinganisa i-torque esetshenziswa esondweni ngalinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi womabili amasondo athola amandla anele okugcina ukudonsa.
Ukubaluleka Kwemishini Ehlukile:
Ukujika emakhoneni: Ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha, amasondo angaphoqeleka ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esifanayo, okwenza kube nzima ukujika. Ukushintshashintsha kuvumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile ngesikhathi sokujika, okuthuthukisa ukuhamba kahle.
Ukudonsa: Umehluko usiza ukugcina ukudonsa ngokuvumela amasondo ukuthi alungise isivinini sawo ngokwendawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezingaphandle komgwaqo noma ezishelelayo.
Ubude Besondo: Ngokuvumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile, umehluko unciphisa ukucindezeleka emathayini nakwezinye izingxenye ze-drivetrain, okungenzeka kwandise isikhathi sawo sokuphila.
Ukusebenza Okushelelayo: Umehluko osebenza kahle usiza ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamandla okushelelayo nokungaguquguquki kumasondo, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lokushayela lulonke.
Sekukonke, igiya lokuhlukanisa liyingxenye ebalulekile ku-drivetrain yemoto, okuvumela ukujika okubushelelezi, ukubambelela okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwamathayi nezingxenye ze-drivetrain.
