Amagiya enjini
I-OEM ODM ngokunemba okuphezuluUkukhiqiza amagiya, Izinjini zezimoto zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zamagiya ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Lawa magiya asiza ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini nezakhi zawo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamagiya ezisetshenziswa ezinjini zezimoto:
Amagiya wesikhathi: Kusetshenziswa amagiya wesikhathi ukuvumelanisa ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve enjini ngokuhamba kwamaPistons. Baqinisekisa ukuthi ama-valve avuleke futhi asondele ngesikhathi esifanele, avumela ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo kanye nokusebenza kwenjini.
Amagiya weCrankshaft:Amagiya we-crankshaft asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla avela kumaPistons aya kwi-crankshaft, eguqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwama-pistons kube ukuhamba okujikelezayo. Lokhu kunyakaza okujikelezayo kusetshenziselwa ukushayela ezinye izinto zenjini nezinye izinsimbi.
Amagiya ama-camshaft: Amagiya e-camshaft asetshenziselwa ukushayela i-camshaft, elawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve enjini. Amagiya e-camshaft aqinisekisa ukuthi i-camshaft ijikeleza ngesivinini esifanele esihlobene ne-crankshaft.
Amagiya wepompo kawoyela: Kusetshenziselwa amagiya wepompo kawoyela ukupompa epanini kawoyela ezingxenyeni zenjini, ezinjenge-bearings kanye ne-camshaft, ukuze zithambe bese zinciphisa ukuxabana. Ukuthambisa okufanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okubushelelezi nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenjini.
I-Balance Shaft Gears: Ezinye izinjini zisebenzisa ama-bank shaft ukunciphisa ukudlidliza. I-Balance Shaft Gears isetshenziselwa ukushayela lokhu kubhaxana, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bajikeleza ngejubane elifanele nesigaba esihlobene ne-crankshaft.
Amagiya we-Accesery Drive: Amagiya we-Accectory Drive asetshenziselwa ukushayela izingxenye ezinjengephampu yamanzi, iphampu yokuqondisa amandla, ne-alternator. Lawa magiya aqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngesivinini esifanele esihlobene nenjini nejubane lemoto.
Amagiya okuhambisa
TAmagiya okulanda ayingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuhambisa imoto, obhekele ukudlulisa amandla avela enjini emasondweni ngejubane elihlukile nama-torque. Nazi izinhlobo eziphambili zamagiya wokuhambisa atholakala ezimotweni:
Amagiya okuhambisa ngesandla: Ekudluliseleni okwenziwa ngesandla, umshayeli ukhetha amagiya asebenzisa igiya elishintshiwe kanye ne-clutch. Amagiya amakhulu ekuhanjisweni okubhaliwe afaka:
Igiya lokuqala (igiya eliphansi): Inikeza i-torque ephezulu yokuqalisa imoto kusuka ekumeni.
I-Second Gear: Isetshenziselwa isivinini esilinganiselwe nokusheshisa.
I-Gear yesithathu: isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngejubane eliphakathi.
Igiya lesine (i-Overdrive): Isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngejubane eliphezulu, lapho ijubane le-Injini liphansi kunejubane lemoto.
I-Fifth Gear (Okweqile): Ukudluliswa okuthile kwencwajana kunegiya lesihlanu lokuhamba ngejubane eliphakeme.
Amagiya okuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo: Ekuhanjisweni okuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo lokuhambisa lukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo amagiya asuselwa kwijubane lemoto, umthwalo wenjini, nezinye izinto. Amagiya amakhulu ekudluliseleni ngokuzenzakalelayo afaka:
Ipaki (P): Ikhiya ukuthunyelwa ukuvikela imoto ekuhambeni.
Ukubuyela emuva (R): Ubandakanya amagiya ukuvumela imoto ukuthi idluliselwe emuva emuva.
I-Neutral (N): Idedelela amagiya, ukuvumela injini ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kokushayela amasondo.
Shayela (D): Ubandakanya amagiya ukuze anyakaze phambili. Okunye ukuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo kubuye kube namagiya angeziwe wejubane elishintshashintshayo.
Ukudluliselwa okuguqukayo okuqhubekayo (CVT): I-CVT isebenzisa uhlelo lwama-pulleys namabhande ukuhlinzeka ngenani elingenamkhawulo lezilinganiso zamagiya, kunokuba zidlule amagiya. Lokhu kuvumela ukusheshiswa okubushelelezi kanye nokwenza ngcono uphethiloli.
I-DOAL-Clutch Transvision (DCT): I-DCT ihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwe-Manual ngokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo. Isebenzisa imichilo emibili ehlukene yamagiya angajwayelekile futhi ngisho namagiya, ukuvumela amafufu asheshayo futhi abushelelezi.
Amagiya okudlulisela acugela ukuthi alawule ijubane ne-torque yemoto, kanye nohlobo lohlelo lokuhambisa amagiya asetshenzisiwe kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwemoto, ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.
Igiya lokuqondisa
Uhlelo lokuqondisa emotweni lusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zamagiya ukuguqula ukujikeleza okujikelezayo kwesondo lokuqondisa ku-Linear Motion okudingekayo ukuguqula amasondo. Nazi izinhlobo eziphambili zamagiya ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa:
Igiya lomhlobo kanye nomkhakha: Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile lwamagiya asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Isondo lokuqondisa lixhumeke emgodini ngegiya lezibungu, elihambisana negiya lomkhakha elixhunywe ekuxhumaneni ngokuqondisa. Njengoba isondo lokuqondisa liphendukile, i-Worm Gear ijikeleza, okwenza umkhakha wegiya kanye nokuxhumana okuqondisa ukuhambisa, ukuguqula amasondo.
Rack ne-pinion: Kulesi simiso, isondo lokuqondisa lixhumeke kwigiya le-pinion, elihambisana negiya le-rack elinamathiselwe ekuxhumaneni ngokuqondisa. Njengoba isondo lokuqondisa liphendulwa, i-pinion gear ijikeleza, ihambisa amagiya rack bese iguqula amasondo. Amasistimu wokuqondisa we-rack no-pinion athandwa ngenxa yokulula nokuphendula kwabo.
Ukuphindaphinda ibhola: Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa indlela yokuphindaphinda yebhola ukuguqula ukujikeleza okujikelezayo kwesondo lokuqondisa ku-Linear Motion okudingekayo ukuguqula amasondo. Igiya le-Worm lijikeleza uchungechunge lwamabhola avuselela amandla, ahambisa i-nati exhunywe ekuxhumaneni ngokuqondisa, ajike amasondo.
I-Gear box: Ibhokisi lamagiya okuqondisa yingxenye enezindlu amagiya asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Ngokuvamile kufakwe ku-chassis yemoto futhi kuqukethe amagiya adingekayo ukuguqula ukujikeleza okujikelezayo kwesondo lokuqondisa ku-Linear Motion okudingekayo ukuguqula amasondo.
Lezi izinhlobo eziphambili zamagiya asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Uhlobo lohlelo lwegiya olusetshenzisiwe lungahluka ngokuya ngomklamo wemoto kanye nokuzizwa okufunayo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni, amagiya ohlelweni lokuqondisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumele umshayeli ukuthi alawule indlela yemoto.
Igiya elihlukile
Igiya elihlukile liyingxenye ebalulekile e-drivetrain yemoto, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinamasondo angemuva noma i-all-wheel drive. Ivumela amasondo e-drive ukuba ajikeleze ngejubane elihlukile ngenkathi udlulisa amandla avela enjini emasondweni. Nakhu ukuthi amagiya ahlukile asebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani kubalulekile:
Kusebenza kanjani:
Ukufakwa kwamandla: Ukwehluka Kuthola Amandla kusuka ekudluliseni noma ekudluliseni Case, imvamisa ngokusebenzisa i-driveshaft.
Ukuhlukanisa amandla: Ukwehlukahlukana kuhlukanisa amandla avela kuma-driveshaft abe yimiphumela emibili, eyodwa ngesondo ngalinye le-drive.
Ukuvumela isivinini esihlukile: lapho imoto ijika, isondo langaphandle lihamba ibanga elide kunesondo elingaphakathi. Ukwehlukanisa kuvumela amasondo ukuba ajikeleze ngejubane elihlukile ukuze akwazi ukwamukela lo mehluko.
Ukulinganisa i-torque: Ukwehluka futhi kusiza ukulinganisa i-torque esetshenziswe esondweni ngalinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi womabili amasondo athola amandla anele okugcina ukugcwala.
Ukubaluleka kwegiya elihlukile:
Ukuthola I-Corning: Ngaphandle kokwehluka, amasondo azophoqeleka ukuthi ajikeleze ngejubane elifanayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuphenduka. Ukwehlukanisa kuvumela amasondo ukuba ajikeleze ngejubane elihlukile ngesikhathi sokujika, ukuthuthukisa ama-maneuverability.
Ukuphola: Ukwehluka kusiza ukugcina i-traction ngokuvumela amasondo ukuthi alungise isivinini sawo ngokuya nge-terrain. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezingekho emgaqweni noma ezishelelayo.
I-Wheel Feedity: Ngokuvumela amasondo ukuba ajikeleze ngejubane elihlukile, okuhlukile kunciphisa ukucindezela kumathayi nezinye izinto ze-drivetrain, okungenzeka ukuthi kudluliselwe isikhathi sabo sokuphila.
Ukusebenza okubushelelezi: Ukwehluka okusebenzayo kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukulethwa kwamandla abushelelezi futhi okungaguquki emasondweni, kuthuthukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela jikelele.
Sekukonke, igiya elihlukile liyingxenye ebucayi e-drivetrain yemoto, evumela ukujika okubushelelezi, ukuthambeka okuthuthukile, nokuncishiswa kokugqokwa kwamathayi nezinto ze-drivetrain.
