Amagiya Enjini
Ukunemba okuphezulu kwe-OEM ODMukukhiqiza amagiya,Izinjini zezimoto zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zamagiya ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene. La magiya asiza ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini nezinto zayo. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamagiya asetshenziswa ezinjinini zezimoto:
Amagiya Okugcina Isikhathi: Amagiya esikhathi asetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwamavalvu enjini ngokuhamba kwamapiston. Aqinisekisa ukuthi ama-valve ayavuleka futhi avale ngesikhathi esifanele, okuvumela ukuvutha okuphumelelayo nokusebenza kwenjini.
Amagiya e-Crankshaft:Amagiya e-Crankshaft asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla ukusuka kuma-piston kuya ku-crankshaft, okuguqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwamapiston kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo. Lokhu kunyakaza okujikelezayo bese kusetshenziselwa ukushayela ezinye izingxenye zenjini kanye nezinsiza.
Amagiya e-Camshaft: Amagiya e-Camshaft asetshenziselwa ukushayela i-camshaft, elawula ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwama-valve enjini. Amagiya e-camshaft aqinisekisa ukuthi i-camshaft ijikeleza ngesivinini esilungile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-crankshaft.
Amagiya Amaphampu Amafutha: Amagiya okumpompa uwoyela asetshenziselwa ukumpompa uwoyela ukusuka epanini likawoyela ukuya ezingxenyeni zenjini, njengamabheringi kanye necamshaft, ukuwagcoba nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana. Ukugcoba ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze injini isebenze kahle nempilo ende.
Balance Shaft Gears: Ezinye izinjini zisebenzisa ama-balance shafts ukunciphisa ukudlidliza. Amagiya e-balance shaft asetshenziselwa ukushayela la ma-balance shafts, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azungeza ngesivinini esifanele kanye nesigaba esihlobene ne-crankshaft.
I-accessory Drive Gears: Amagiya e-accessory drive asetshenziselwa ukushayela izingxenye ezifana nephampu yamanzi, iphampu yokuqondisa amandla, ne-alternator. Lawa magiya aqinisekisa ukuthi la ma-compounds asebenza ngesivinini esifanele uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini nesivinini semoto.
Amagiya okudlulisa
Tamagiya e-ransmission ayingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokudlulisa imoto, enesibopho sokudlulisa amandla esuka enjinini iye emasondweni ngesivinini nama-torque ahlukene. Nazi izinhlobo eziphambili zamagiya okudlulisa atholakala ezimotweni:
Amagiya okudlulisa ngesandla: Kwi-manual transmission, umshayeli uzikhethela yena amagiya esebenzisa i-gear shifter kanye ne-clutch. Amagiya aphambili ku-transmission manual ahlanganisa:
Igiya Lokuqala (Igiya Eliphansi): Ihlinzeka ngetorque enkulu yokuqala imoto isuka lapho ime.
Igiya Lesibili: Isetshenziselwa isivinini esimaphakathi nokusheshisa.
Igiya Lesithathu: Isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngesivinini esimaphakathi.
I-Fourth Gear (Overdrive): Isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, lapho isivinini senjini siphansi kunejubane lemoto.
Igiya Lesihlanu (Overdrive): Amanye amagiya ashintshwayo anegiya lesihlanu lokuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Automatic Transmission Gears: Kumshini ozishintshayo, isistimu kagesi ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo amagiya ngokusekelwe kwisivinini semoto, ubukhulu benjini, nezinye izici. Amagiya amakhulu ku-automatic transmission ahlanganisa:
Ipaki (P): Ikhiya ukuhanjiswa ukuze imoto ingakwazi ukuhamba.
Ukuhlehla (R): Ifaka amagiya ukuvumela imoto ukuthi ibuyele emuva.
I-Neutral (N): Inqamula amagiya, ivumela injini ukuthi isebenze ngaphandle kokushayela amasondo.
Shayela (D): Isebenzisa amagiya okuya phambili. Amanye amagiya azishintshayo nawo anamagiya engeziwe ahluka ngesivinini.
I-Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT): I-CVT isebenzisa isistimu yama-pulleys namabhande ukuze inikeze inombolo engapheli yezilinganiso zamagiya, esikhundleni samagiya ahlukene. Lokhu kuvumela ukusheshisa okushelelayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe.
I-Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT): I-DCT ihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokunethezeka kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Isebenzisa ama-clutch amabili ahlukene amagiya angajwayelekile nakancane, okuvumela amashifu asheshayo nabushelelezi.
Amagiya kagesi abalulekile ekulawuleni isivinini kanye netorque yemoto, futhi uhlobo lwesistimu yegiya lokudlulisela elisetshenziswayo lingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemoto, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, nolwazi lokushayela.
Igiya lokuqondisa
Isiteringi semoto sisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zamagiya ukuguqula ukuzungeza kwesiteringi kube ukunyakaza komugqa odingekayo ukuze uphendule amasondo. Nazi izinhlobo eziphambili zamagiya asetshenziswa kusistimu yokuqondisa:
I-Worm kanye ne-Sector Gear: Lolu wuhlobo olujwayelekile lwegiya elisetshenziswa esiteringini. Isiteringi sixhunywe ku-shaft enegiya lezikelemu, elixhunywa ngegiya lesigaba elixhumene nesiteringi. Njengoba isiteringi siphenduka, igiya lezikelemu liyazungeza, okwenza igiya lomkhakha kanye ne-steering linkage linyakaze, lijike amasondo.
I-Rack ne-pinion: Kulolu hlelo, isiteringi sixhunywe egiyeni lephini, elixhunywa negiya lokubeka elixhunywe esiteringini. Njengoba isiteringi siphenduka, igiya le-pinion liyazungeza, lihambisa igiya lokubeka futhi liphendule amasondo. Amasistimu okuqondisa ama-rack kanye ne-pinion adumile ngenxa yobulula nokuphendula kwawo.
I-Recirculating Ball: Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa indlela yebhola elijikelezayo ukuguqula ukunyakaza okuzungezayo kwesiteringi kube ukunyakaza komugqa okudingekayo ukuze uphendule amasondo. Igiya lezikelemu lizungeza uchungechunge lwamabhola ajikelezayo, anyakazisa inadi elixhunywe ekuxhumekeni kwesiteringi, aphendule amasondo.
I-Gearbox yokuqondisa: U-gearbox wesiteringi uyingxenye egcina amagiya asetshenziswa esiteringini. Ivamise ukugxunyekwa ku-chassis yemoto futhi iqukethe amagiya adingekayo ukuze kuguqule ukunyakaza kwesiteringi kube ukunyakaza komugqa okudingekayo ukuze uphendule amasondo.
Lezi yizinhlobo eziphambili zamagiya asetshenziswa esiteringini. Uhlobo lwesistimu yegiya elisetshenziswayo lungahluka kuye ngokuthi idizayini yemoto kanye nomuzwa wesiteringi oyifunayo. Noma ngabe aluphi uhlobo, amagiya esiteringini aneqhaza elikhulu ekuvumeleni umshayeli ukuthi alawule lapho imoto iya ngakhona.
I-Differential Gear
Igiya elihlukanisayo liyingxenye ebalulekile ekushayeleni imoto, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinamasondo angemuva noma ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Ivumela amasondo okushayela ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile ngenkathi idlulisela amandla enjinini iye emasondweni. Nansi indlela igiya elihlukanisayo elisebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani libalulekile:
Isebenza kanjani:
Okokufaka Amandla: Umehluko uthola amandla avela kwikesi yokudlulisela noma yokudlulisa, ngokuvamile nge-driveshaft.
Ukuhlukanisa Amandla: Umehluko uhlukanisa amandla asuka ku-driveshaft abe yimiphumela emibili, eyodwa ngesondo ngalinye lokushayela.
Ukuvumela Isivinini Esihlukile: Uma imoto iphenduka, isondo langaphandle lihamba ibanga elide kunesondo langaphakathi. Umahluko uvumela amasondo ukuthi ajike ngesivinini esihlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalo mehluko.
I-Equalizing Torque: Umehluko usiza futhi ukulinganisa i-torque esetshenziswa esondweni ngalinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi womabili amasondo athola amandla anele okugcina ukudonsa.
Ukubaluleka Kwegiya Ehlukile:
Ikhona: Ngaphandle komehluko, amasondo azophoqeleka ukuthi ajike ngesivinini esifanayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuphenduka. Umehluko uvumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile ngesikhathi sokuphenduka, okwenza ngcono ukuhamba.
Ukudonsa: Umehluko usiza ukugcina ukudonsa ngokuvumela amasondo ukuthi alungise isivinini sawo ngokwendawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezingekho emgwaqeni noma ezishelelayo.
I-Wheel Longevity: Ngokuvumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile, umehluko wehlisa ingcindezi emathayini nakwezinye izingxenye ze-drivetrain, okungenzeka andise isikhathi sabo sokuphila.
Ukusebenza Okushelelayo: Umehluko osebenza kahle usiza ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamandla okushelelayo nokungaguquguquki emasondweni, kuthuthukise umuzwa wokushayela usuwonke.
Sekukonke, igiya elihlukanisayo liyingxenye ebalulekile ekushayeleni kwemoto, okuvumela ukuphenduka okushelelayo, ukudonsa okuthuthukisiwe, nokuncipha kokuguga kwamasondo nezingxenye ze-drivetrain.
