I-China iyizwe elikhulu lokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi eliqhutshwa yigagasi lokuthuthuka komnotho kuzwelonke, izimboni ezihlobene neChina zeChina zithole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Emkhakheni wemishini,amagiyayizakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezisemqoka kakhulu, ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe. Ukuthuthuka okunamandla kwemboni yokukhiqiza eChina yeChina kuqhubekele phambili ngokushesha okukhulu komkhakha wamagiya.

Njengamanje, ubuciko obuzimele buye baba isihloko esikhulu senjengegiya lokuthi cababa endaweni ethize imboni, futhi iphinde yaqala ngesikhathi sokuvuselela kabusha. Kulezi zinsuku, ukukhiqizwa kwengqondo sekuphenduke inqubomgomo entsha egqugquzelwe ngumbuso. Umkhakha wegiya unezici zokuma okujwayelekile namabheji amakhulu, futhi kulula ukubona ukuthi uguquko luye kwinkomba ehlakaniphile. Kungashiwo ukuthi inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke zamabhizinisi akhiqizwayo egiya aphuthumayo isidingo esiphuthumayo sokushintsha imodi yokukhiqiza futhi athuthukise izinga le-automation efektri.

Okokuqala, isimo sentuthuko somkhakha wamagiya waseChina

Umkhakha wegiya ngumkhakha oyisisekelo wemishini yokukhiqiza imishini yaseChina. Inezinga eliphakeme lokuhlobana kwezimboni, ukumuncwa okuqinile komsebenzi, kanye nenhloko-dolobha yezobuchwepheshe. Kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokukhiqiza imishini yokukhiqiza imishini ukufezekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 yentuthuko, iChinanjengegiya lokuthi cababa endaweni ethize Imboni ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ohlelweni olusekelayo emhlabeni, futhi yakha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni emhlabeni. Ngokomlando wabona ukuthi uguquko kusuka ekupheleni okuphansi kuya maphakathi nendawo, uhlelo lobuchwepheshe lwegiya kanye nohlelo lwegiya lobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile lwakhiwe ngokuyisisekelo. Isithuthuthu, izimoto, amandla omoya nemishini yokwakha imishini yokwakha amabutho okushayela ukuze athuthukiswe imboni yegiya yezwe lami. Iqhutshwa yilezi zimboni ezihlobene, isilinganiselo semali embonini yamagiya sikhombisa ukuthambekela kokukhula okusheshayo, kanye nesilinganiso somkhakha wamagiya siyaqhubeka sikhula. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngonyaka we-2016, inani lokukhipha lemakethe yemboni yegiya legiya lezwe lami lalingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-230. Ngo-2017, inani lokukhipha lemikhiqizo yegiya lifinyelele ku-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-236, unyaka nonyaka ka-7.02%, accounting cishe ama-61% wenani eliphelele lokukhipha lezingxenye ezijwayelekile zemishini.

Ngokuya kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, imboni yegiya ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: amagiya ezimoto, amagiya ezimboni kanye nemishini ethile yegiya; Izicelo zemikhiqizo ye-Vehicle Gear zifaka izimoto ezahlukahlukene, izithuthuthu, imishini yokwakha, imishini yezolimo kanye nezimoto zezempi, njll; Izicelo zemikhiqizo ye-Industrial Gear, amasimu amagiya wezimboni afaka phakathi iMarine, izimayini, i-Metallurgy, i-Aviation, amandla kagesi, njll.

Emakethe enkulu yegiya elikhulu, isabelo semakethe samagiya ezimoto sifinyelela kuma-62%, kanye ne-akhawunti ye-Industrial Gears ngo-38%. Phakathi kwazo, i-accountile ye-puars account ngo-62% wamagiya ezimoto, okungukuthi, ama-38% emakethe yegiya lonke, nezinye izimoto zegiya amagiya aphelele. I-24% yemakethe.

Ngokombono wokukhiqizwa, kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-5,000 egiya amabhizinisi, amabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-1 000 ngaphezulu ngosayizi oqokiwe, namabhizinisi asemqoka angaphezu kwama-300. Ngokusho kwebanga lemikhiqizo yegiya, ingxenye yemikhiqizo ephezulu, ephakathi nendawo ephelele ingama-35%, 35% no-30%;

Mayelana nokuxhaswa kwenqubomgomo, "Uhlaka Lwezentuthuko Lwezentuthuko Lwezentuthuko nolobuchwepheshe Ucwaningo Nentuthuko kanye Nezimboni zabo.

Ukusuka endaweni yabathengi yokubuka, amagiya asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene, izithuthuthu, izimoto zezolimo, imishini yokukhiqiza amandla, imishini yokwakha yensimbi, imishini yokwakha izitimela namarobhothi. Lezi zinto zokusebenza zidinga ukunemba okuphezulu nokuphezulu, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kahle kokuhambisa kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo ende yamagiya namayunithi egiya. Ngokombono wenani lamagiya (kufaka phakathi amadivaysi egiya), i-akhawunti ehlukahlukene yamagiya wemoto), namanye ama-akhawunti amagiya angaphansi kwama-40%. Ngo-2017, abakhiqizi bezimoto abahlukahlukene bakhiqiza futhi bathengise ngezimoto ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-29, bahlome ngokudluliselwa kwezandla, ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo, shayela ama-axles neminye imikhiqizo yegiya yama-yuya ayizigidi eziyi-140. Ngo-2017, 126.61gw osanda kufakwa amandla okuGcina amandla okukhiqiza kwangezwe ezweni lonke. Phakathi kwazo, ama-45.1GW anamandla okufakwa kwamandla afudumele, 9.133g we-hydropower efakwe umthamo, ama-53.99gw wamandla omoya axhunywe nge-grid, kanye ne-2.16gw yamandla afakiwe enuzi asanda kufakwa. Lemishini yokukhiqiza yamandla yamandla ifakwe ngemikhiqizo yegiya efana nama-gear-ekwanda ngokushesha kwama-gear.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo nezimali, amandla amasha embonini athuthukiswe kakhulu. Amanye amabhizinisi aholayo embonini asungule amapulatifomu amasha we-R & D afana nezikhungo zobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi likazwelonke, izindawo zokusebenzela zebhizinisi, izindawo zokusebenza zezemfundo, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwebhizinisi, zibeka isisekelo sentuthuko entsha. Inani lamalungelo obunikazi agunyaziwe liphezulu futhi lisezingeni eliphakeme, ikakhulukazi inani lamalungelo obunikazi abukhule kakhulu. Ama-reakroughs amakhulu enziwe ezifinyezweni zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bemikhiqizo yamagiya aphezulu enezinto ezinkulu ze-module, kanye nokuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kweplanethi enkulu, kanye nokuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Gorges South Lift kufinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lomhlaba wonke. Amabhizinisi ahlukene agxile ezinhlelweni zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezimpawu nezinzuzo. I-Enterprise eyodwa ihlala ingxenye encane yesabelo semakethe esiphelele, kanye nokuhlushwa kwamamakethe asekhaya kuphansi.

2. Umkhuba wokuthuthuka kwesikhathi esizayo wenhloko yegiya

Ukufakwa ngogesi, ukuguquguquka, ubuhlakani kanye nesisindo esikhanyayo yimikhuba yentuthuko yemikhiqizo yesikhathi esizayo, yiziphi izinselelo nezinselelo zezinkampani zendabuko.

Ukufakwa ngogesi: Ukufakwa kukagesi kwamandla kuletha izinselelo ekudluliseleni kwendabuko yendabuko. Le nkinga iletha yile: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudluliswa kwendabuko kwendabuko kuthuthukiswe kusakhiwo esilula nesilula ngesivinini esikhulu, umsindo ophansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu nempilo ende. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubhekana nokuguquguquka kwe-Electric Direct drive ngaphandle kwe-Gear Tassion. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zokuhambisa zendabuko zendabuko akufanele zifunde nje kuphela ukuthi zihlangabezana nezidingo zokulawulwa komsindo kokukhula kwama-turna-highs (≥15000rpm), kepha naka ukubheka ikusasa. Usongo lwezinguquko lwe-Elect Electric Direct Drive Technology kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhambisa i-Electromagnetic ekudluliseni kwendabuko kanye ne-Gear Product.

Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ngokuzayo, ukuncintisana kwemakethe kuzoba okuthokozisayo ngokwengeziwe, futhi isidingo semikhiqizo sizokwahluka futhi sibe somuntu siqu, kepha isidingo somkhiqizo owodwa kungenzeka singabi sikhulu kakhulu. Njengomkhakha oyisisekelo embonini yezokukhiqiza, imboni yegiya kufanele ibhekane nezinkambu eziningi ezaphansi. Ukwehlukahlukana kokwehluka komkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka kumabhizinisi ukusungula uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluguqukayo ukuqedela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ye-batch yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokulungiswa kwemishini, kodwa futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula somugqa womhlangano owodwa futhi ibona ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo. ukwakha ukuncintisana okuyisisekelo kwamabhizinisi.

I-IntellingTriation: Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokulawula emishinini kwenza umshini ozenzakalelayo; Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe bokulawula, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kolwazi, kanye nobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi kwenza imishini nokukhiqiza kuhlakaniphile. Kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza amagiya endabuko, inselelo yindlela yokwenza ubuhlakani bogesi ngogesi, ubunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi kanye nokuhlanganiswa.

Engasindi: Izinto ezingasindi futhi eziphakeme zokwenza amandla, ukuncishiswa kwesisindo sesakhiwo kanye nokuguqulwa komhlaba kanye nokuqiniswa kudinga ukubambisana kwemboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulingisa obuthuthukisiwe.