Inqubo yomshini wamagiya, imingcele yokusika kanye nezidingo zamathuluzi uma igiya linzima kakhulu ukuthi lingashintshwa futhi ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kudinga ukuthuthukiswa

Igiya liyisici esiyinhloko sokudlulisa embonini yezimoto. Ngokuvamile, imoto ngayinye inamazinyo ayi-18 ~ 30. Izinga legiya lithinta ngqo umsindo, ukuzinza nempilo yokusebenza kwemoto. Ithuluzi lomshini wokucubungula amagiya liwuhlelo lwethuluzi lomshini oluyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesisetshenziswa esibalulekile embonini yezimoto. Amandla omhlaba okukhiqiza izimoto afana ne-United States, iJalimane ne-Japan nawo angamandla okukhiqiza amathuluzi omshini wokucubungula amagiya. Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kuka-80% wamagiya ezimoto e-China acutshungulwa yimishini yokwenza amagiya asekhaya. Ngaso leso sikhathi, imboni yezimoto isebenzisa ngaphezu kuka-60% wamathuluzi omshini wokucubungula amagiya, futhi imboni yezimoto iyohlale ingumzimba oyinhloko wokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini.

Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula amagiya

1. ukulingisa nokwenza okungenalutho

I-Hot die Forging kuseyinqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu yokusakaza engenalutho yezingxenye zamagiya ezimoto. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe be-cross wedge rolling buye bakhuthazwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-shaft. Lobu buchwepheshe bufaneleka ngokukhethekile ekwenzeni ama-billet ama-shaft eminyango eyinkimbinkimbi. Ayigcini nje ngokunemba okuphezulu, imvume encane yokulandela imishini, kodwa futhi inokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

2. normalizing

Inhloso yale nqubo ukuthola ubulukhuni obufanele ukusika kwegiya okulandelayo kanye nokulungiselela i-microstructure yokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina, ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa kokwelashwa kokushisa. Izinto zensimbi esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile ziyi-20CrMnTi. Ngenxa yethonya elikhulu labasebenzi, imishini kanye nemvelo, isivinini sokupholisa kanye nokupholisa okufanayo kwe-workpiece kunzima ukulawula, okuholela ekuhlakazweni kokuqina okukhulu kanye nesakhiwo se-metallographic esingalingani, esithinta ngokuqondile ukusika kwensimbi kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina, okuholela ekuhlakazweni okukhulu kokuqina kanye nesakhiwo se-metallographic esingalingani kanye nokuguquka kokushisa okungajwayelekile kanye nekhwalithi yengxenye engalawuleki. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-isothermal normalizing yamukelwa. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi i-isothermal normalizing ingashintsha ngempumelelo ukungalungi kokujwayelekile okujwayelekile, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izinzile futhi inokwethenjelwa.

3. ukuphenduka

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuma zokucutshungulwa kwamagiya anembe kakhulu, izikhala zamagiya zonke zicutshungulwa ngamalathe e-CNC, abotshwa ngomshini ngaphandle kokuphinda kugaywe ithuluzi lokujika. Ukucutshungulwa kobubanzi bembobo, ubuso bokuphela kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle kuqedwa ngokuhambisanayo ngaphansi kokubopha ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungaqinisekisi kuphela izidingo zokuma kwembobo yangaphakathi nobuso bokuphela, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka kosayizi omncane wezikhala zegiya elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kwegiya elingenalutho liyathuthukiswa futhi ikhwalithi yomshini yamagiya alandelayo iyaqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-NC lathe machining nakho kunciphisa kakhulu inani lemishini futhi kunomnotho omuhle.

4. i-hobbing kanye nokubunjwa kwegiya

Imishini evamile yokudonsa amagiya kanye nama-gear shapers asasetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni amagiya. Nakuba kulula ukulungisa nokulondoloza, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi. Uma umthamo omkhulu usuqediwe, imishini eminingi idinga ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugqoka, kulula kakhulu ukuphinda ugqoke ama-hobs nama-plungers ngemva kokugaya. Impilo yesevisi yamathuluzi ahlanganisiwe ingathuthukiswa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-90%, ukunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi kanye nesikhathi sokugaya, ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile.

5. ukushefa

Ubuchwepheshe bokushefa kwegiya le-Radial busetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamagiya ezimoto eziningi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu nokugcwaliseka kalula kwezidingo zokuguqulwa kwephrofayili yamazinyo eklanyelwe kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinyo. Kusukela inkampani yathenga umshini okhethekile wokushefa wamagiya we-radial wenkampani yase-Italy ukuze kwenziwe uguquko lobuchwepheshe ngo-1995, usuvuthiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe, futhi ikhwalithi yokucubungula izinzile futhi inokwethenjelwa.

6. ukwelashwa ukushisa

Amagiya ezimoto adinga ukungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha ukuze kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo zawo ezinhle zemishini. Imishini yokwelapha ukushisa ezinzile futhi enokwethenjelwa ibalulekile emikhiqizweni engasekho ngaphansi kokugaya amagiya ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa. Le nkampani yethule ulayini wokukhiqiza oqhubekayo wokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha we-German Lloyd's, othole imiphumela egculisayo yokwelashwa kokushisa.

7. ukugaya

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqedela imbobo yangaphakathi yegiya eliphethwe ukushisa, ubuso bokugcina, ububanzi bangaphandle be-shaft nezinye izingxenye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kobukhulu nokunciphisa ukubekezelelana kwejometri.

Ukucutshungulwa kwegiya kusebenzisa isiyingi se-pitch circle ukuze kumiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe, okungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukunemba komshini wezinyo kanye nereferensi yokufaka, futhi kutholwe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eyanelisiwe.

8. ukuqeda

Lokhu okokuhlola nokuhlanza amabhampa namabhula ezingxenyeni zamagiya kagesi kanye nokushayela i-asi ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, ukuze kuqedwe umsindo nomsindo ongajwayelekile obangelwa yiwo ngemva kokuhlanganisa. Lalela umsindo ngokuzibandakanya kwepheya elilodwa noma ubuke ukuchezuka ekuhlanganyeleni kumhloli obanzi. Izingxenye zezindlu zikagesi ezikhiqizwe yinkampani ekhiqizayo zifaka i-clutch housing, i-transmission housing kanye nezindlu ezihlukene. Izindlu ze-clutch kanye nezindlu zokudlulisa impahla ziyizingxenye ezithwalayo, ngokuvamile ezenziwe nge-die-casting aluminium alloy ngokufaka ukufa okukhethekile. Umumo awujwayelekile futhi uyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugeleza kwenqubo evamile ukugaya indawo ehlanganyelwe → izimbobo zenqubo yokwenza imishini nezimbobo ezixhumayo → izimbobo ezithwalayo eziyisicefe → izimbobo ezithwalayo eziyisicefe kanye nokuthola izimbobo zamaphini → ukuhlanza → ukuhlolwa kokuvuza nokutholwa.

Amapharamitha kanye nezidingo zamathuluzi okusika amagiya

Amagiya akhubazekile kakhulu ngemva kokungcwatshwa nokucisha. Ikakhulukazi kumagiya amakhulu, ukuwohloka kwe-dimensional kwendingilizi yangaphandle e-carburized futhi ecishiwe kanye nembobo yangaphakathi ngokuvamile inkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekuguquleni indilinga yangaphandle yegiya elishisiwe necinyiwe, alikho ithuluzi elifanelekile. Ithuluzi le-bn-h20 elakhiwe "i-Valin superhard" lokuphenduka okuqinile kwensimbi ecishiwe lilungise ukuguqulwa kwegiya le-carburized futhi lacima imbobo yangaphandle yendilinga nobuso bokugcina, futhi lathola ithuluzi elifanele lokusika lesikhashana, Lenze impumelelo emhlabeni wonke insimu yokusika ngezikhathi ezithile ngamathuluzi aqinile.

I-carburizing kanye nokucisha i-deformation: ukungcwatshwa kwegiya kanye nokucisha i-deformation kubangelwa ikakhulukazi isenzo esihlanganisiwe sengcindezi eyinsalela ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi somshini, ingcindezi eshisayo kanye nengcindezi yesakhiwo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nokuzishintsha kwesisindo somshini wokusebenza. Ikakhulukazi kumagiya amakhulu amaringi namagiya, amagiya amakhulu azophinde akhuphule ukwakheka ngemuva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha ngenxa yemodulus yawo enkulu, ungqimba olujulile lwe-carburizing, isikhathi eside sokungcwatshwa kanye nesisindo somuntu siqu. Umthetho we-Deformation we-shaft enkulu yegiya: ububanzi obungaphandle bombuthano we-addendum bukhombisa inkambiso esobala yokufinyela, kodwa ohlangothini lobubanzi bezinyo le-shaft yegiya, okuphakathi kuyancishiswa, futhi iziphetho ezimbili zinwetshwa kancane. Umthetho we-Deformation wendandatho yegiya: Ngemva kokungcwatshwa nokucisha, ububanzi obungaphandle beringi elikhulu buzovuvukala. Lapho ububanzi bezinyo buhlukile, isiqondiso sobubanzi bezinyo sizoba yi-conical noma isigubhu okhalweni.

Ukuphenduka kwegiya ngemuva kokungcwatshwa nokucisha: ukuguqulwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha indandatho yegiya kungalawulwa futhi kuncishiswe ngezinga elithile, kodwa ngeke kugwenywe ngokuphelele amathuluzi okuguqula nokusika ngemuva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha.

Ukuguqula umbuthano wangaphandle, imbobo yangaphakathi kanye nobuso bokugcina ngemva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha: ukujika kuyindlela elula yokulungisa ukuguquguquka kwendilinga yangaphandle kanye nomgodi ongaphakathi wegiya lendandatho eshisiwe necinyiwe. Ngaphambilini, noma yiliphi ithuluzi, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi aqinile angaphandle, alikwazanga ukuxazulula inkinga yokusika okuphakathi kwesiyingi esingaphandle segiya elicishiwe. U-Valin superhard wamenywa ukuba enze ucwaningo lwamathuluzi nokuthuthukiswa, “Ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile kwensimbi eqinile bekulokhu kuyinkinga enzima, ingasaphathwa eyensimbi eqinile ecishe ibe yi-HRC60, futhi nesibonelelo sokuguqulwa sikhulu. Lapho uphendula insimbi eqinile ngesivinini esikhulu, uma umshini wokusebenza unokusikwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ithuluzi lizoqedela umshini ngokushaqeka okungaphezu kuka-100 ngomzuzu lapho lisika insimbi eqinile, okuyinselele enkulu ekuqineni komthelela wethuluzi.” Ochwepheshe be-Chinese knife Association basho njalo. Ngemuva konyaka wokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, u-Valin superhard wethule uhlobo lwethuluzi lokusika elinzima kakhulu le-Turning Steel Hardened ngokuyeka okuqinile; Ukuhlolwa kokuguqula kwenziwa kuyindilinga yangaphandle yegiya ngemva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha.

Linga ukuvula igiya eliyisilinda ngemva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha

Igiya elikhulu (igiya lendandatho) lalikhubazekile kakhulu ngemva kokungcwatshwa nokucisha. Ukuguqulwa kombuthano wangaphandle wegiya lendandatho yegiya bekufike ku-2mm, futhi ubulukhuni ngemuva kokucisha bekungu-hrc60-65. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunzima kukhasimende ukuthola umshini wokugaya ubukhulu obukhulu, futhi isabelo somshini sasisikhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kwakuphansi kakhulu. Ekugcineni, igiya elishisiwe nelicishiwe laphendulwa.

Ukusika isivinini somugqa: 50-70m/min, ukujula kokusika: 1.5-2mm, ibanga lokusika: 0.15-0.2mm/ Revolution (ilungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zokuqina)

Lapho uphendulela i-excircle yegiya ecishiwe, umshini uqedwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ithuluzi lokuqala le-ceramic elingenisiwe lingacutshungulwa izikhathi eziningi kuphela ukuze kunqandwe ukuwohloka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwohloka konqenqema kubi kakhulu, futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa ithuluzi ziphezulu kakhulu.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwethuluzi: imelana kakhulu kunethuluzi lokuqala le-silicon nitride ceramic elangenisiwe, futhi impilo yalo yesevisi iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6 kunethuluzi le-silicon nitride ceramic lapho ukujula kokusika kukhuphuka izikhathi ezintathu! Ukusebenza kahle kokusika kukhuphuka izikhathi ezi-3 (kwakujwayele ukusika kathathu, kodwa manje sekuqediwe ngesikhathi esisodwa). Ubulukhuni obungaphezulu be-workpiece bubuye buhlangabezane nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ifomu lokugcina lokuhluleka kwethuluzi akulona unqenqema oluphukile olukhathazayo, kodwa ukugqoka okujwayelekile kobuso bangemuva. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-excircle yegiya elijikayo okuphenduphendukayo kwaphula inganekwane yokuthi amathuluzi aqinile kakhulu embonini awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuphendukisa insimbi eqinile ngezikhathi ezithile! Kubangele ukuzwela okukhulu emibuthanweni yezemfundo yamathuluzi okusika!

Isiphetho esingaphezulu sokujika kanzima kwembobo yangaphakathi yegiya ngemva kokucisha

Ukuthatha ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile kwembobo yangaphakathi yegiya nge-oil groove njengesibonelo: impilo yesevisi yethuluzi lokusika isilingo ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8000, futhi isiphetho singaphakathi kwe-Ra0.8; Uma kusetshenziswa ithuluzi eliqine kakhulu elinonqenqema lokupholisha, ukuphela kokujika kwensimbi eqinile kungafinyelela cishe ku-Ra0.4. Futhi impilo enhle yamathuluzi ingatholakala

Ukulungisa ubuso bokuphela kwegiya ngemva kokungcwatshwa nokucisha

Njengohlelo olujwayelekile "lokuguqula esikhundleni sokugaya", i-cubic boron nitride blade isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ukuguqulwa okuqinile kobuso bokuphela kwegiya ngemva kokushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya, ukuguqula kanzima kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.

Kumagiya e-carburized nacishiwe, izidingo zabasiki ziphezulu kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile kudinga ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nomthelela, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuhwalala kwendawo nezinye izakhiwo zethuluzi.

ukubuka konke:

Ukuze ujike ngemva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha kanye nokujika ubuso ekugcineni, amathuluzi ajwayelekile ahlanganisiwe ayinhlanganisela ye-cubic boron nitride adumile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-dimensional deformation yendilinga yangaphandle kanye nembobo yangaphakathi ye-carburized futhi icishiwe indandatho yegiya enkulu, kuhlale kuyinkinga enzima ukuvala ukuguqulwa ngenani elikhulu. Ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwensimbi ecishiwe ngethuluzi le-Valin superhard bn-h20 cubic boron nitride kuyinqubekelaphambili enkulu embonini yamathuluzi, ehambisana nokukhuthazwa okubanzi kwenqubo "yokuguqula esikhundleni sokugaya" embonini yamagiya, futhi ithola impendulo enkingeni yamathuluzi okujika amagiya aqinile osekuneminyaka eminingi edidekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukufinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza weringi yegiya nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza; Abasiki bechungechunge be-Bn-h20 baziwa njengemodeli yomhlaba yensimbi ecijile ephendukayo eqinile embonini.