Inqubo yokugaya igiya, amapharamitha okusika kanye nezidingo zamathuluzi uma igiya linzima kakhulu ukulijika futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kudinga ukuthuthukiswa

Igiya liyisici esiyinhloko sokudlulisa imishini embonini yezimoto. Ngokuvamile, imoto ngayinye inamazinyo angu-18 ~ 30. Ikhwalithi yegiya ithinta ngqo umsindo, ukuzinza kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yemoto. Ithuluzi lomshini wokucubungula amagiya liyisistimu yamathuluzi omshini eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemishini ebalulekile embonini yezimoto. Amandla okukhiqiza izimoto emhlabeni njenge-United States, iJalimane neJapan nawo angamandla okukhiqiza imishini yokucubungula amagiya. Ngokwezibalo, amagiya ezimoto angaphezu kuka-80% eShayina acutshungulwa yimishini yokwenza amagiya yasekhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezimoto isebenzisa amathuluzi omshini wokucubungula amagiya angaphezu kuka-60%, futhi imboni yezimoto izohlala iyisidumbu esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini.

Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula imishini

1. ukuqoqa kanye nokwenza izinto ezingenalutho

I-Hot die forging iseyinqubo yokusika engenalutho esetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zegiya lezimoto. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe bokugoqa ama-cross wedge bukhuthazwe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-shaft machining. Lobu buchwepheshe bufaneleka kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-billets emishafini eyinkimbinkimbi yeminyango. Abugcini nje ngokuba nokunemba okuphezulu, imvume encane yokwenziwa kwe-machining elandelayo, kodwa futhi busebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni.

2. ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile

Inhloso yale nqubo ukuthola ubulukhuni obufanele ukusika amagiya okulandelayo nokulungiselela isakhiwo esincane sokwelashwa kokushisa okuphelele, ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka kokwelashwa kokushisa. Izinto zensimbi yamagiya asetshenziswayo ngokuvamile ziyi-20CrMnTi. Ngenxa yethonya elikhulu labasebenzi, imishini kanye nendawo ezungezile, ijubane lokupholisa kanye nokufana kokupholisa kwento yokusebenza kunzima ukulawula, okuholela ekuhlakazekeni kobulukhuni obukhulu kanye nesakhiwo se-metallographic esingalingani, okuthinta ngqo ukusika kwensimbi kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okuphelele, okuholela ekuguqulweni okukhulu nokungahambi kahle kokushisa kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye ezingalawuleki. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokulungisa i-isothermal iyasetshenziswa. Umkhuba ukhombisile ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwe-isothermal kungashintsha ngempumelelo ubuthakathaka bokuguquguquka okuvamile, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izinzile futhi ithembekile.

3. ukujika

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokubeka indawo zokucubungula amagiya ngokunemba okuphezulu, ama-blank gear acutshungulwa yi-CNC lathes, aqiniswa ngomshini ngaphandle kokugaya kabusha ithuluzi lokujika. Ukucutshungulwa kobubanzi bembobo, ubuso bokuphela kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle kuqedwa ngokuvumelana ngaphansi kokuqiniswa okukodwa, okungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa izidingo zokuma kwembobo yangaphakathi kanye nobuso bokuphela, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukusabalala okuncane kwama-blank gear amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kwe-blank gear kuyathuthukiswa futhi ikhwalithi yokucubungula amagiya alandelayo iyaqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwe-NC lathe machining nakho kunciphisa kakhulu inani lemishini futhi kunomnotho omuhle.

4. i-hobbing kanye nokubumba amagiya

Imishini ejwayelekile yokulungisa amagiya kanye nama-gear shaper isasetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubungulweni kwamagiya. Nakuba kulula ukulungisa nokunakekela, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi. Uma kuqediwe umthamo omkhulu, imishini eminingi idinga ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokumboza, kulula kakhulu ukuphinda umboze ama-hob nama-plunger ngemva kokugaya. Isikhathi senkonzo yamathuluzi ambozwe singathuthukiswa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-90%, kuncishiswe ngempumelelo inani lokushintsha kwamathuluzi nesikhathi sokugaya, ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile.

5. ukushefa

Ubuchwepheshe bokushefa amagiya e-radial busetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwamagiya ezimoto ngobuningi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokufinyeleleka kalula kwezidingo zokuguqulwa kwephrofayili yamazinyo eklanyelwe kanye nesiqondiso samazinyo. Selokhu inkampani yathenga umshini wokushefa amagiya e-radial okhethekile wenkampani yase-Italy ukuze uguqulwe ngobuchwepheshe ngo-1995, ubulokhu uvuthiwe ekusebenziseni lobu buchwepheshe, futhi ikhwalithi yokucubungula izinzile futhi ithembekile.

6. ukwelashwa kokushisa

Amagiya ezimoto adinga ukufakwa kwe-carburing kanye nokucinywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo zawo ezinhle zemishini. Imishini yokwelapha ukushisa ezinzile nethembekile ibalulekile emikhiqizweni engasakwazi ukugaywa amagiya ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa. Le nkampani yethule umugqa wokukhiqiza we-carburing kanye nokucinywa okuqhubekayo kwe-German Lloyd's, oye wazuza imiphumela eyanelisayo yokwelashwa ngokushisa.

7. ukugaya

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqeda imbobo yangaphakathi yegiya elashwe ngokushisa, ubuso bokugcina, ububanzi bangaphandle bomgodi kanye nezinye izingxenye ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu nokunciphisa ukubekezelelana kwejometri.

Ukucubungula igiya kusebenzisa isitsha sendilinga yephimbo ukuze kubekwe futhi kuboshwe, okungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukunemba komshini wezinyo kanye nereferensi yokufaka, futhi kutholakale ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eyanelisayo.

8. ukuqeda

Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola nokuhlanza ama-bumps nama-burrs ezingxenyeni zegiya le-axle yokudlulisa kanye ne-drive ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, ukuze kuqedwe umsindo nomsindo ongajwayelekile obangelwa yiwo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa. Lalela umsindo ngokusebenzisa ukubandakanyeka kwe-single pair noma ubone ukuphambuka kokubandakanyeka ku-comprehensive tester. Izingxenye ze-transmission housing ezikhiqizwa yinkampani yokukhiqiza zifaka phakathi i-clutch housing, i-transmission housing kanye ne-differential housing. I-Clutch housing kanye ne-transmission housing yizingxenye ezithwala umthwalo, ngokuvamile ezenziwe nge-aluminium alloy e-die-casting ngokusebenzisa i-die casting ekhethekile. Isimo asijwayelekile futhi siyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugeleza kwenqubo ejwayelekile kuwukugaya ubuso obuhlangene → imigodi yenqubo yokugaya kanye nemigodi yokuxhuma → imigodi yokuthwala ebophayo → imigodi yokuthwala ebophayo emincane kanye nokuthola imigodi yephini → ukuhlanza → ukuhlolwa nokutholakala kokuvuza.

Amapharamitha kanye nezidingo zamathuluzi okusika amagiya

Amagiya aguquguquka kakhulu ngemva kokugaywa nokucima. Ikakhulukazi kumagiya amakhulu, ukuguquka kobukhulu bendilinga yangaphandle egaywe nokucima kanye nembobo yangaphakathi ngokuvamile kukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekujikeni kwendilinga yangaphandle yegiya egaywe nokucima, akukaze kube khona ithuluzi elifanele. Ithuluzi le-bn-h20 elakhiwe yi-“Valin superhard” lokuguqula insimbi eqinile ngezikhathi ezithile lilungise ukuguquka kwendilinga yangaphandle yegiya egaywe nokucima kanye nembobo yangaphakathi kanye nobuso bokuphela, futhi lathola ithuluzi elifanele lokusika ngezikhathi ezithile, Lenze intuthuko emhlabeni wonke emkhakheni wokusika ngezikhathi ezithile ngamathuluzi aqinile.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-carburing yegiya kanye nokucima: Ukuguqulwa kwe-carburing yegiya kanye nokucima kubangelwa kakhulu yisenzo esihlangene sokucindezeleka okusele okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi somshini, ukucindezeleka kokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesisindo somsebenzi. Ikakhulukazi kumasongo amakhulu namagiya, amasongo amakhulu amagiya nawo azokwandisa ukuguqulwa ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-carburing kanye nokucima ngenxa yemodulus yawo enkulu, ungqimba olujulile lwe-carburing, isikhathi eside se-carburing kanye nesisindo sakho. Umthetho wokuguqulwa kwe-shaft enkulu yamagiya: ububanzi bangaphandle bendilinga eyengeziwe bubonisa ukuthambekela okusobala kokufinyela, kodwa ohlangothini lobubanzi bamazinyo bomgodi wegiya, maphakathi uyancishiswa, futhi iziphetho ezimbili zandiswa kancane. Umthetho wokuguqulwa kwendandatho yamagiya: Ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-carburing kanye nokucima, ububanzi bangaphandle bendandatho enkulu yamagiya buzovuvukala. Uma ububanzi bamazinyo buhlukile, isiqondiso sobubanzi bamazinyo sizoba yi-conical noma isigubhu sesinqe.

Ukujika kwegiya ngemva kokufaka i-carburing kanye nokucima: ukuguqulwa kwe-carburing kanye nokucima kwendandatho yegiya kungalawulwa futhi kuncishiswe ngezinga elithile, kodwa akunakugwenywa ngokuphelele. Ukuze kulungiswe ukuguqulwa kwe-carburing kanye nokucima, okulandelayo yinkulumo emfushane mayelana nokwenzeka kokuguqula nokusika amathuluzi ngemva kokufaka i-carburing kanye nokucima.

Ukujika indilinga yangaphandle, imbobo yangaphakathi kanye nobuso bokugcina ngemva kokugaywa kwe-carburing kanye nokucisha: ukujika kuyindlela elula yokulungisa ukuguquguquka kwendilinga yangaphandle kanye nembobo yangaphakathi yegiya lendandatho eligaywayo nelicishiwe. Ngaphambilini, noma yiliphi ithuluzi, kufaka phakathi amathuluzi angaphandle aqinile, alikwazanga ukuxazulula inkinga yokugaywa kwendilinga yangaphandle yegiya elicishiwe ngokuqinile. I-Valin superhard yamenywa ukuba yenze ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi, "Ukugaywa kwensimbi eqinile ngezikhathi ezithile bekulokhu kuyinkinga enzima, ingasaphathwa eyensimbi eqinile engaba ngu-HRC60, futhi isabelo sokuguqulwa sikhulu. Lapho ujika insimbi eqinile ngesivinini esikhulu, uma umsebenzi usika ngezikhathi ezithile, ithuluzi lizoqeda umshini ngokushaqeka okungaphezu kwe-100 ngomzuzu lapho usika insimbi eqinile, okuyinselele enkulu ekumelaneni nomthelela wethuluzi." Ochwepheshe be-Chinese knife Association basho kanjalo. Ngemuva konyaka wokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, i-Valin superhard yethule uhlobo lwethuluzi lokusika eliqinile kakhulu le-Turning Hardened Steel ngokungaqhubeki okukhulu; Ukuhlolwa kokujika kwenziwa endilinga yangaphandle yegiya ngemuva kokugaywa kwe-carburing kanye nokucisha.

Ukuhlola ukujika igiya eliyindilinga ngemva kokulifaka ekhabhoni kanye nokulicima

Igiya elikhulu (igiya lendandatho) laphazamiseka kakhulu ngemva kokushiswa nge-carburing kanye nokucinywa. Ukuguquka kwesiyingi sangaphandle segiya lendandatho yegiya kwakufika ku-2mm, kanti ubunzima ngemva kokucinywa kwakungu-hrc60-65. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunzima kumthengi ukuthola umshini wokugaya omkhulu, kanti isabelo somshini wokugaya sasisikhulu, kanti ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kwakuphansi kakhulu. Ekugcineni, igiya elicinyiwe nelicinyiwe laphendulwa.

Isivinini sokusika esiqondile: 50–70m/min, ukujula kokusika: 1.5–2mm, ibanga lokusika: 0.15-0.2mm/ Revolution (kulungiswe ngokwezidingo zobulukhuni)

Uma uphendula i-excircle yegiya elicishiwe, imishini iqedwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ithuluzi lokuqala le-ceramic elingenisiwe lingacutshungulwa izikhathi eziningi kuphela ukuze kunqunywe ukuguquguquka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwohloka komphetho kukhulu, futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa ithuluzi ziphezulu kakhulu.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi: ayinamandla okuthinteka kakhulu kunethuluzi lokuqala le-silicon nitride ceramic elingenisiwe, futhi impilo yalo yokusebenza iphindwe kasithupha kunethuluzi le-silicon nitride ceramic lapho ukujula kokusika kukhushulwa kathathu! Ukusebenza kahle kokusika kukhushulwa kathathu (kwakuvame ukuba ukusika kathathu, kodwa manje sekuqediwe kanye). Ubulukhuni bomphezulu womsebenzi buhlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlobo lokugcina lokwehluleka kwamathuluzi akulona unqenqema oluphazamisayo, kodwa ukuguguleka kobuso obujwayelekile bangemuva. Lokhu kuhlola kwe-excircle yegiya elijikayo elijikayo kwaphula inganekwane yokuthi amathuluzi aqinile embonini awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa insimbi eqinile ejikayo eqinisiwe! Kubangele umuzwa omkhulu emibuthanweni yezemfundo yamathuluzi okusika!

Ukuphela kobuso bembobo yangaphakathi yegiya ejika kanzima ngemva kokucima

Uma sithatha ukusika okungenazikhawu kwembobo yangaphakathi yegiya nge-groove kawoyela njengesibonelo: impilo yesevisi yethuluzi lokusika elilingayo ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8000, futhi ukuphela kungaphakathi kwe-Ra0.8; Uma kusetshenziswa ithuluzi eliqinile kakhulu elinomphetho wokupholisha, ukuphela kokujika kwensimbi eqinile kungafinyelela cishe ku-Ra0.4. Futhi impilo enhle yamathuluzi ingatholakala.

Umshini wokusika ingxenye yokugcina yegiya ngemva kokuyigaya nge-carburizing kanye nokuyicima

Njengokusetshenziswa okuvamile "kokujika esikhundleni sokugaya", i-cubic boron nitride blade isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwenziweni kokujika okuqinile kobuso begiya ngemva kokushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya, ukujika okuqinile kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.

Kumagiya afakwe i-carburing nacishiwe, izidingo zabasiki ziphakeme kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile kudinga ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushayisana, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nezinye izakhiwo zethuluzi.

ukubuka konke:

Ekuphenduleni ngemva kokufaka i-carburing kanye nokucima kanye nokujika kobuso bokugcina, amathuluzi ajwayelekile e-composite welded composite boron nitride aye athandwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube nokuguquguquka kobukhulu bendilinga yangaphandle kanye nomgodi wangaphakathi wendandatho enkulu yegiya e-carburing ne-quenched, kuhlale kuyinkinga enzima ukuvala ukuguqulwa ngobuningi obukhulu. Ukuphenduka okungapheli kwensimbi ecinyiwe ngethuluzi le-Valin superhard bn-h20 cubic boron nitride kuyintuthuko enkulu embonini yamathuluzi, okusiza ekukhuthazeni kabanzi inqubo "yokujika esikhundleni sokugaya" embonini yegiya, futhi kuthola nempendulo yenkinga yamathuluzi okujika aqinile e-cylindrical gear abelokhu edidekile iminyaka eminingi. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukufinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wendandatho yegiya nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza; Abasiki bochungechunge be-Bn-h20 baziwa njengemodeli yomhlaba wonke yensimbi eqinile ecinyiwe ephendukayo embonini.