Amagiyabathembele ngobukhulu besakhiwo sabo kanye namandla ezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze bamelane nemithwalo yangaphandle, okudinga izinto ukuze zibe namandla aphezulu, ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka; ngenxa yokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamagiya,amagiyazidinga ukunemba okuphezulu, kanti nezinto zidinga ukukhiqizwa okuhle. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yinsimbi eyenziwe ngobumba, insimbi eyenziwe ngobumba, kanye nensimbi eyenziwe ngobumba.
1. Insimbi eyakhiwe Ngokusho kobulukhuni bobuso bezinyo, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
Uma i-HB <350, ibizwa ngokuthi ubuso bezinyo obuthambile
Uma i-HB ＞350, ibizwa ngokuthi ubuso bezinyo eliqinile
1.1. Ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinyo HB <350
Inqubo: ukubumba okungenalutho → ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile - ukuguqula okungafanele → ukucima nokulungisa, ukuqeda
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu; 45#, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB
Izici: Isebenza kahle iyonke, ubuso bezinyo bunamandla nobunzima obukhulu, kanti umongo wezinyo uqinile kahle. Ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa, ukunemba kwawoAmagiyaukusika kungafinyelela amazinga angu-8. Kulula ukukukhiqiza, kuyabiza, futhi kunomkhiqizo ophezulu. Ukunemba akukukhulu.
1.2 Ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinyo HB ＞350
1.2.1 Uma usebenzisa insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo:
Inqubo: Ukwakha okungenalutho → ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile → ukusika okuqinile → ukucima nokulungisa → ukusika okuncane → ukucima imvamisa ephezulu nephakathi → ukupholisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi → ukukhanyisa noma ukucindezela ukuqalisa, inhlansi kagesi isebenza.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:45, 40Cr, 40CrNi
Izici: Ubulukhuni bobuso bezinyo buphezulu HRC=48-55, amandla okuxhumana aphezulu, futhi ukumelana nokuguguleka kuhle. Ingaphakathi lezinyo ligcina ukuqina ngemva kokucisha nokushisa, linokumelana okuhle komthelela kanye nomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo. Ukunemba kuncishiswa ngesigamu, kuze kufike ezingeni lesi-7 ukunemba. Kufanelekela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, njengegiya lokudlulisa eliphakathi nendawo kanye neliphakathi lezimoto, amathuluzi omshini, njll.
1.2.2 Uma usebenzisa insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni: Ukwakha okungenalutho → ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile → ukusika okuqinile → ukucima nokulungisa → ukusika okuncane → ukugaya nokuqeda → ukupholisa nokushisa okuphansi → ukugaya amazinyo. Kufika kumazinga angu-6 no-7.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu; 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo Izici: Ubulukhuni bomphezulu wamazinyo kanye nomthamo oqinile wokuthwala. Ingaphakathi linokuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nokushayisana. Lifanelekela ukudluliselwa kwesivinini esikhulu, umthwalo osindayo, ukulayisha ngokweqile noma ngezikhathi ezinezidingo zesakhiwo esincane, njengegiya lokudlulisa eliyinhloko lama-locomotive namagiya endiza.
2. Insimbi ehlanganisiwe:
Laphoigiyaububanzi bayo bungu-d>400mm, isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kunzima, izinto zensimbi ezibunjiwe i-ZG45.ZG55 zingasetshenziswa ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile. Ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile, ukucima kanye nokushisa.
3. Insimbi ephothiwe:
Ukumelana okunamandla kokunamathela nokugqwala kwemigodi, kodwa ukumelana okuncane kokushaywa nokuklwebheka. Ifaneleka ukusebenza okuzinzile, amandla aphansi, isivinini esiphansi noma usayizi omkhulu kanye nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ingasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka kukawoyela futhi ifaneleka ukudluliselwa okuvulekile.
4. Izinto zensimbi:
Indwangu, ukhuni, ipulasitiki, inayiloni, ifaneleka ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nomthwalo olula.
Lapho kukhethwa izinto zokwakha, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi izimo zokusebenza zamagiya zihlukile, kanti izinhlobo zokwehluleka kwamazinyo egiya zihlukile, okuyisisekelo sokunquma izindlela zokubala amandla egiya kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezindawo ezishisayo.
1. Uma amazinyo egiya ephuka kalula ngaphansi komthwalo wokushaywa, kufanele kukhethwe izinto ezinokuqina okungcono, futhi insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ingakhethwa ukuze i-carburize kanye ne-quenching.
2. Ukuze kudluliselwe ngesivinini esikhulu, ubuso bezinyo buvame ukuba nezimbobo, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhethwe izinto ezinobulukhuni obungcono ebusweni bezinyo, futhi kungasetshenziswa ukuqina kobuso bensimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi.
3. Uma kwenzeka ijubane eliphansi kanye nomthwalo ophakathi nendawo, lapho izinyo legiya liphuka, ukugoba, kanye nokuklwebheka, kufanele kukhethwe izinto ezinamandla amahle okusebenza, ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinyo kanye nezinye izakhiwo eziphelele zokusebenza, futhi insimbi ecinyiwe futhi eqinisiwe yekhabhoni ephakathi ingakhethwa.
4. Zama ukuba nezinto ezincane ezahlukahlukene, okulula ukuziphatha, futhi ucabangele izinsiza kanye nokutholakala kwazo.
5. Uma usayizi wesakhiwo uncane futhi ukumelana nokuguguleka kuphezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe insimbi ye-alloy.
6. Imishini nobuchwepheshe beyunithi yokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-11-2022