Igiya lokunciphisa i-propeller
Igiya lokunciphisa i-propeller yingxenye ebucayi endizeni efakwe izinjini ze-piston noma izinjini ze-turboprop. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ijubane eliphakeme lokujikeleza lenjini kuya ngejubane eliphansi elilungele ukushayela i-propeller kahle. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwesivinini kuvumela i-propeller ukuguqula amandla enjini aphoqelele ngempumelelo, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kaphethiloli kanye nokunciphisa umsindo.
Igiya lokuncishiswa kwe-propeller liqukethe amagiya ambalwa, kufaka phakathi i-drive gear exhunywe kwi-crankshaft yenjini kanye negiya eliqhutshwa linamathiselwe kwi-apopeller shaft. Lawa magiya ngokujwayelekile anobungozi noma amagiya we-spur futhi aklanyelwe ama-mesh ngokushelela ukudlulisa amandla ngempumelelo.
Endizeni enikwe amandla kaPiston, isilinganiso segiya lokuncipha ngokuvamile cishe ngo-0,5 kuye ku-0,6, okusho ukuthi umgqugquzeli ujikeleza cishe isigamu noma ngaphezulu kwesigamu sejubane lenjini. Lokhu kuncishiswa ngesivinini kuvumela i-propeller ukuthi isebenze ekusebenzeni kahle kwayo, ukukhiqiza ukugcwala ngomsindo omncane nokudlidliza.
Endizeni ye-turboprop, igiya lokuncipha lisetshenziselwa ukufanisa umphumela ophakeme we-turch turbine kwijubane eliphansi lokujikeleza elidingwa yi-propeller. Le geyigi yokuncipha ivumela izinjini ze-turboprop ukusebenza kahle kulo lonke uhla olubanzi lwejubane, ukuzenza zilungele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindiza nohambo.
Sekukonke, igiya lokuncipha kwe-propeller liyingxenye ebucayi ezinhlelweni zezindiza zezindiza, ukuvumela izinjini ukusebenza kahle nangesithuli ngenkathi kunikeza isihlungu esidingekayo endizeni.
Igiya lokufika
Igiya lokufika liyingxenye ebalulekile yendiza evumela ukuthi isuse, umhlaba, netekisi emhlabathini. Siqukethe amasondo, amasondo, nezinye izindlela ezisekela isisindo sezindiza futhi zinikeze ukuqina ngesikhathi sokusebenza komhlaba. Igiya lokufika ngokuvamile liyaphindisela, okusho ukuthi lingakhuliswa ekufundeni kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza ukunciphisa ukuhudula.
Uhlelo lokufika lwegiya lifaka phakathi izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ngamunye okhonza umsebenzi othile:
I-Main Landing Gear: Igiya elikhulu lokufika litholakala ngaphansi kwamaphiko futhi isekela iningi lesisindo sendiza. Siqukethe amasondo owodwa noma amaningi anamathele kuma-struts anwebeka phansi emaphikweni noma nge-fuselage.
Igiya lokufika ekhaleni: Igiya lokufika ekhaleni litholakala ngaphansi kwempumulo yendiza futhi lisekela ingaphambili lendiza lapho isemhlabathini. Imvamisa iqukethe isondo elilodwa elinamathiselwe ku-strut elifinyelela phansi kusuka ekufundeni kwendiza.
Ama-Shock AbleNs: Izinhlelo zegiya lokufika zivame ukufaka abathathi bokushaqeka ukuze banciphise umthelela wokufika nokunyathelisa ezindaweni ezinolaka. Lawa asiza ukuvikela ukwakheka kwendiza kanye nezinto ezingokomonakalo.
I-RetAction Mechanism: Ithingo Lokukhishwa Kwegiya Lokufika Ivumela I-Landing Gear ukuthi iphakanyiswe ekufundeni kwendiza ngesikhathi sokundiza. Le ndlela ingafaka phakathi ama-hydraulic noma afakazeli kagesi aphakamisa futhi wehlise amagiya wokufika.
Uhlelo lwe-Braking: Igiya lokufika lifakwe amabhuleki avumela umshayeli wehlise ijubane futhi ayeke indiza ngesikhathi sokufika nokunyathelisa. Uhlelo lwe-braking lungahlanganisa izinto ze-hydraulic noma ze-pneumatic ezisebenzisa ingcindezi emasondweni ukuze yehlise umoya.
I-Steering Mechanism: Ezinye izindiza zinendlela yokuqondisa egiya lokuhambisa ekhaleni elivumela umshayeli ukuqondisa indiza ngenkathi emhlabathini. Le ndlela imvamisa ixhumeke kuma-pedals endiza endiza
Sekukonke, igiya lokufika liyingxenye ebucayi yokwakheka kwendiza, okuvumela ukuthi isebenze ngokuphephile nangendlela efanelekile emhlabathini. Idizayini nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zegiya yokufika kwezithuthukisi zingaphansi kwemithetho namazinga aqinile okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kwendiza.
Amagiyavu wokudluliswa kwendiza enophephela emhlane
Amagiya okudluliswa kwama-helikopta yizakhi ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuhambisa enophephela emhlane, obhekele ukudlulisa amandla avela enjini kuya ku-rotor enkulu nomsila we-rotor. Lawa magiya adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izici zendiza enophephela emhlane, njengokuphakamisa, ukuqina nokuqina. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zamagimu wokudluliswa ngendiza enophephela emhlane:
kubalulekile ukudlulisa amandla avela enjini kuya ku-rotor eyinhloko. Izinhlobo zamagiya ezisetshenziselwa ukuhanjiswa nge-helikopta zifaka:Amagiya we-bevelShintsha indlela yokuhambisa amandla amagiya we-spurAmagiya epulazi: Vumela isilinganiso segiya esiguqukayo, esithuthukisa ukuqina nokulawula ngesikhathi sendiza
Ukudluliselwa okukhulu kwe-rotor Lawa magiya enzelwe ukubekezelela imithwalo ephezulu nesivinini futhi kufanele abe yinjiniyela ngqo ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okubushelelezi nokusebenza.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Rotor Rotor yomsila: Ukudluliselwa kwamagiya we-rotor rotor rol rol kuvela enjini kuya emsileni we-rotor shaft, olawula ukunyakaza kwendiza enophephela emhlane noma ngaseceleni. Lawa magiya avame ukuba yincane futhi alula ukwedlula amagiya aphambili wokudluliswa kwama-rotor kepha asathembeka futhi athembeke.
Ukuncishiswa kwamagiya: Amagiya okudlulisela ama-helikopta avame ukufaka izinhlelo zokunciphisa ama-tulazi ukufanisa ukuphuma okuphezulu kwenjini kuya kwijubane eliphansi elidingwa yi-rotors eyinhloko nemsila. Lokhu kuncishiswa ngejubane kuvumela ama-rotors ukuba asebenze kahle futhi anciphise ingozi yokwehluleka kwemishini.
Izinto ezinamandla anamandla: I-Helikopta Transpint Riffers yenziwa kusuka ezintweni ezinamandla aphezulu, njengensimbi eqinile noma ye-titanium, ukubekezelela imithwalo ephezulu nokucindezelwa okuhlangane nakho ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Uhlelo lwe-Lubrication: Amagiya okuhambisa ama-helikopta adinga uhlelo lokuthambisa oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okubushelelezi futhi anciphise ukugqoka. I-lubricant kumele ikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi futhi inikeze isivikelo esanele ekungqubuzaneni nasekunciphiseni.
Ukulungiswa kanye nokuhlola: Amagiya okudlulisela ama-helikopta adinga ukulungiswa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi asebenza kahle. Noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugqoka noma zokulimala kufanele zibhekwane nazo ngokushesha ukuvikela ukwehluleka kwemishini.
Sekukonke, amagiyapikha enophephela emhlane anezakhi ezibucayi ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphephile futhi okusebenzayo kwama-helikopta. Kufanele zenzelwe, zenziwe, futhi zigcinwe kumazinga aphezulu kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kwendiza.
Igiya lokuncipha kweTurboprop
Igiya lokunciphisa i-turboprop liyingxenye ebucayi enjini ye-turboprop, evame ukusetshenziswa endizeni ukuhlinzeka nge-propulsion. Igiya lokuncipha libhekele ukunciphisa ukuphuma okusheshayo kwe-turbine yenjini ngejubane eliphansi elilungele ukushayela i-propeller kahle. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zamagiya wokuncishiswa kweTurboprop:
Isilinganiso sokunciphisa: Igiya lokuncishiswa linciphisa ukujikeleza okusheshayo kwe-turbine yenjini, okungedlula amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinguquko ngomzuzu (RPM), ngejubane eliphansi elilungele i-propeller. Isilinganiso sokuncipha ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-10: 1 no-20: 1, okusho ukuthi umgqugquzeli ujikeleza ngeshumi kuye kwamashumi amabili nesivinini se-turbine.
Uhlelo lwePlantary Gear: Amagiya wokunciphisa i-Turboprop ajwayele ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwamagiya e-Planetary, eliqukethe i-Central Gear Gear, iplanethi amagiya kanye negiya lendandatho. Lolu hlelo luvumela ukuncishiswa kwegiya elihlanganisiwe nelisebenzayo ngenkathi kusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamagiya.
I-Shaft esheshayo esheshayo: Igiya lokuncipha lixhumeke ku-Speent-Speed Speed Shepput of Turbine yenjini. Lo msele ujikeleza ngejubane eliphezulu futhi kufanele yakhelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi kanye namazinga okushisa akhiqizwe yi-turbine.
I-Speed-Speed-Speed Shaft: Umshini wokuphuma wegiya lokuncipha uxhumeke kwi-propeller futhi ujikeleze ngejubane eliphansi kunesivinini esingezansi. Le Shaft idlulisa ijubane elincishisiwe ne-torque ku-propeller, ukuvumela ukukhiqiza.
I-Bearings and Lubrication: Amagiya wokuncishiswa weTurboprop adinga ama-beath asezingeni eliphakeme nezinhlelo zokuthambisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okubushelelezi nokuthembekile. Ama-bearings kumele akwazi ukubekezelela isivinini esiphakeme kanye nemithwalo, ngenkathi uhlelo lwe-lubrication kumele lunikeze ukuthambisa okwanele ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokugqoka.
Ukusebenza kahle Nokusebenza: Idizayini yegiya lokuncipha libalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nasekusebenzeni kwenjini yeTurboprop. Igiya lokunciphisa elakhelwe kahle lingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha, linciphise umsindo nokudlidliza, futhi likhuphule isikhathi sokuphila senjini kanye ne-propeller.
Sekukonke, igiya lokuncipha kweTurboprop liyingxenye ebalulekile yezinjini ze-turboprop, ibavumela ukuba basebenze kahle nangokwethembekile ngenkathi behlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo e-ndiza indiza.
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